Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common urinary condition characterized by a sudden, difficult-to-co…

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common urinary condition characterized by a sudden, difficult-to-control urge to pass urine. It may occur with increased frequency of urination and waking up at night to urinate. Some people may also experience urge urinary incontinence, where urine leaks before reaching the toilet.

OAB can affect both men and women and can significantly interfere with daily activities, sleep, work, travel and social life. It is more common with increasing age, but it is not an inevitable part of ageing and can often be effectively managed.

Common Symptoms

The main symptoms of overactive bladder include:

• Urinary urgency: A sudden, compelling need to urinate that is difficult to postpone.
• Increased urinary frequency: Passing urine more often than usual during the day.
• Nocturia: Waking up one or more times at night to urinate.
• Urgency urinary incontinence: Leakage of urine associated with a sudden urge to urinate.
• Feeling that bladder control has become difficult, particularly when hearing or touching water, reaching home or putting the key in the door.

Symptoms can vary considerably between individuals. Some people have urgency and frequency without leakage, while others experience frequent episodes of urge incontinence.

Why Does Overactive Bladder Occur?

Normally, the bladder stores urine while remaining relaxed. As the bladder fills, the brain receives signals that it is becoming full. Urination